The global trend towards more open trade has in recent years faced a number of setbacks, ranging from stalled World Trade Organisation talks to rising protectionism and the UK’s vote to leave the EU. Nigeria is no exception, where a push to increase import substitution, which is intended to reverse a decline in foreign exchange and reduce the...
The industrial sector of what is arguably Africa’s largest economy is a diversified group of producers and outputs. With a wide range of accessible feedstock, from agricultural products to hydrocarbons, along with Africa’s biggest consumer market, the possibilities are substantial. The volume of output is small, however, and Nigeria is forced to import most of what it consumes, including the...
Traditional family-run corner stores and kiosks have long been a staple of the retail landscape across Indonesia, providing a range of necessities for both urban and rural neighbourhoods across the country. But over the past decade expansion efforts by larger franchise chains have been threatening this long-held market structure. The mini-mart...
As smartphones become more commonplace in Indonesia, apps are enjoying a surge in popularity, suggesting increased platforms for e-commerce to strengthen its economic foothold. Online trading and transport apps in particular are generating interest, offering a solid foundation for other start-ups, and attracting international players and...
Now comprising a mix of old-world markets and modern retail outlets, Indonesia’s retail sector has been swiftly evolving since the late 1990s, when the country’s economic development began to accelerate. Gross national income per capita at current prices grew from $570 1999 to $3440 in 2015, more than a 500% increase over 15-year period,...
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