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For Egypt, which is looking to integrate more fully into global value chains, the development of comprehensive transport infrastructure is vital to longterm growth. The government has made transport investment a priority – both in an effort to boost foreign trade, and to ameliorate the growing urban congestion and pollution arising from rapid...

Egypt’s growing population and dynamic economy have resulted in a need for greater infrastructure development over recent years. Given that cars remain Egypt’s most popular mode of personal transportation – as do trucks for carrying cargo – this need is seen most notably in its roads; Cairo and many other cities in the country display chronic...

From the New Suez Canal to the East Port Said development, Egypt’s logistics ecosystem has expanded substantially in recent years despite headwinds resulting from the US-China trade war in 2019. However, as the Covid-19 pandemic began to spread across the world in early 2020, key transport connections were disrupted due to restrictions on...

The Egyptian Exchange (EGX) is one of the oldest stock markets in the Middle East and can be traced back to 1883. It covers the main market, an over-the-counter market and the Nile Stock Exchange (Nilex), the last of which is a market for small and medium-sized enterprises. As of April 2020 there were 218 companies listed on the main market,...

Egypt’s capital market has been noticeably attracting foreign inflows since the floatation of the Egyptian pound in November 2016, which was part of the country’s economic reform programme agreement signed with the IMF under the $12bn extended fund facility. The currency devaluation was followed by 700 basis-point interest rate hikes, taking...

Higher interest rates following the flotation of the Egyptian pound in 2016 made it costly for businesses and individuals to obtain funding from Egyptian banks. The depreciation of the currency also raised input costs for businesses and reduced their ability to expand operations, thereby reducing demand for funding to cover capital expenditure...