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With the sixth-largest proven oil reserves in the world, and an industry that dates back to the early days of oil and gas dominance in energy, Kuwait is among the world’s principal hydrocarbons powers. Yet, given the lower oil prices seen in global markets in recent years, initiatives outlined in the New Kuwait 2035 development plan come at a critical time in terms of enhancing the state’s competitiveness as a destination for foreign direct investment.

In 2018 Mexico’s economy ranked second in Latin America and 15th in the world in terms of GDP, which totalled $1.22trn, according to the World Bank. In 2019 the newly elected President Andrés Manuel López Obrador has pushed ahead with efforts to meet his pledge to tackle corruption and implement austerity measures within the government, to reduce costs and curb excessive expenditures.

Efforts to improve public governance are gradually bolstering confidence in Papua New Guinea’s economy, despite national performance being heavily dependent on the extractive industries. Backed by macroeconomic development plans, Prime Minister James Marape’s administration is seeking to improve debt management, reduce foreign exchange imbalances, widen access to social services and provide greater employment opportunities.

Tunisia has successfully navigated the difficulties of the post-revolutionary period by capably establishing robust democratic institutions. However, the country faces macroeconomic challenges since the 2011 revolution. Budgetary pressures, combined with a devaluation of the dinar and a rise in the level of business informality, have made the current environment a complex one.