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Once reserved for ambitious start-ups and industry-leading tech operators, financial technology ( fintech) has since caught the attention of major private sector firms and government planners alike, becoming a regular feature in budget speeches and strategic development plans. As fintech progressively plays a larger part in the lives of...

OUTLINE: In November 2016 the executive board of the IMF approved a three-year, $12bn loan under an Extended Fund Facility (EFF) aimed at boosting the economy. According to a September 2017 IMF staff report on the aims of the development programme, the loan instalments are contingent on the...

For the past year, discussion surrounding Egypt’s monetary policy has been almost completely dominated by a single criterion: a spiralling inflation rate which is having a deleterious effect on business growth, as well as on the lives of ordinary citizens. After an elevated, but manageable, average inflation rate of just over 10% going back to...

In comparison to the years before 2011, Egypt’s post-revolutionary period has been defined by political upheaval and dynamism. The country has adopted a new constitution, moved to a unicameral legislature, had two presidents – Mohamed Morsi, who was appointed in the country’s first free presidential election and departed two years later in...

Decades of growth in trade and foreign investment have seen the economies of the world become more interconnected and interdependent than ever before. The production of goods and, increasingly, the provision of services has become fractured across borders as corporations create and integrate into regional and global value chains. These trends...

Egypt has long been central to the development of MENA. A focus of cultural output and political thought, the country continues to be a key influencer within the Arab world. While the oil riches of the Gulf have changed the equation somewhat, Egypt still remains one of the most significant actors in the wider MENA region.