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As the economy has industrialised the share of agriculture to GDP has more than halved – from 40% in the mid-1980s to around 16% in 2016. Nevertheless, the agriculture sector remains crucial for Vietnam’s development as it continues to employ nearly half of the workforce. This has meant that swings in commodity markets and the environmental...

Vietnam has become the world’s second-largest coffee exporter and producer, behind Brazil, with beans grown on around 500,000 predominantly small holdings of 0.8 ha to 1.2 ha each. The country is the largest producer of robusta, a low-cost, high-yield family of coffee plants that is normally used in espresso blends or instant coffee...

Substantial hydrocarbons and hydropower resources have allowed Vietnam to be largely energy self-sufficient and supported rapid economic growth. Exploitation of its coal and the harnessing of rivers for hydropower has helped Vietnam meet double-digit growth in demand for power, providing almost universal electricity access to its people.

Exploitation of shallow-water resources over the last 30 years has allowed Vietnam to become an oil exporter while meeting domestic gas demand. With the third-largest proven oil reserves in East Asia, at 4.4bn barrels, and the fourth-largest offshore gas reserves in the region, estimated at 600bn cu metres in 2015, it has the potential to meet...

On the back of sound economic growth, a continuing inflow of foreign direct investment (FDI) and a healthy labour force, the industrial base in Vietnam has been steadily expanding over the past two decades, with export-orientated manufacturing playing a major role within the overall economy. The potential for manufacturing in Vietnam is much...