In recent years the number of air passengers in Indonesia has risen rapidly, from 30m in 2009 to more than 115m in 2018. This was largely driven by two factors: the fast-growing middle class, which comprises an estimated 52m people; and the emergence of low-cost carriers, which have significantly improved regional connectivity. The country’s...
In early 2019 Indonesia proposed the involvement of Chinese companies in dozens of projects worth an estimated $91bn. Although specific details about many of these developments are still unclear, Luhut Pandjaitan, coordinating minister of maritime affairs and investment, told local media that they would include seaports, industrial estates,...
For many years, Indonesia’s sizeable infrastructure gap has hindered industrial development. In Java – the country’s most densely populated island – roads, airports and seaports are under pressure due to the large amount of people and goods that need to be moved. At the same time, Indonesia faces challenges connecting other islands across the...
The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is a far-reaching plan for transnational infrastructure development, linking five continents through land and sea corridors, and industrial clusters. Launched in 2013, it was initially planned to revive ancient trade routes between Eurasia and China, but the scope of the BRI has since extended to cover 138...
An estimated 4m people commute from Greater Jakarta into the city centre for work every day. Public transport has not matched the capital’s rapid growth in recent decades, leading to its international notoriety as a congested mega-city. With Jakarta representing about a fifth of all economic activity in Indonesia, congestion costs the economy...
Inadequate infrastructure has long been a challenge for Indonesia, the world’s largest archipelagic state. With more than 17,000 islands and a population of around 265m, it is probably the most complicated country in the world in terms of logistics. Since President Joko Widodo was inaugurated, transport and infrastructure investment has become...
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