Turkey’s trade record over the last few years has been relatively impressive. Exports have risen substantially, if erratically. In 2006, exports stood at $85.5bn. By 2014, the figure reached a record high of $157.6bn. However, imports have also grown rapidly, reaching $242.2bn in 2014. This trade deficit, which reached 10% of GDP in 2014, has been a perennial problem for the...
With a balanced budget for 2014, Saudi Arabia plans to spend everything it expects to earn. However, the biggest influence on revenue is the price that the Saudi Arabian Oil Company is able to charge for a barrel of its oil, meaning there is a significant margin for error in fiscal planning. In 2013 the government earned more and spent more than it...
In January 2014 China’s government officials declared that in 2013 its annual trade in goods passed the $4trn mark, knocking the US off the top spot in international trade, and this shift in the axis of commerce is reflected in Saudi Arabia’s own trade relations. However, although the dramatic growth of China and other Asian economies has altered...
In an economy dominated by hydrocarbons, there is no doubt that the big business in Saudi Arabia is oil, but the Kingdom is also home to 1.8m small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), according to the International Finance Corporation (IFC).
Central to the Kingdom’s goals to diversify its economy and to transition from an investment-driven model to an innovation-driven approach to business by 2020 are its plans for its growing population of young people. The government envisages highly educated young Saudis pursuing private sector careers in Jeddah, Riyadh or one of the four economic...
Saudi Arabia was declared the world’s fourth-largest defence spender after the US, China and Russia in the International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) 2014 “Military Balance” report. It estimated the Kingdom’s defence budget for 2013 was $59.6bn, putting it ahead of the UK, France, Japan and Germany. According to the Saudi Arabian Monetary...
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