Côte d’Ivoire: Growing the mobile economy
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The long-awaited arrival of 3G in Côte d’Ivoire, and the expected subsequent boom in data usage, is a welcome development for local telecommunications operators. However, the mobile market is becoming increasingly crowded, pushing both prices and average revenue per user (ARPU) down, which could force some of the smaller players out of the sector or lead to consolidation.
The government issued the first 3G licences in March, with three of the four available permits allocated to South Africa-owned MTN; France Telecom’s Orange Côte d’Ivoire (Orange CI); and Etisalat’s Moov. Each licence is valid for 10 years and cost CFA6bn (€9.1m). Operators are obliged to cover 95% of the population within four years.
Orange CI was the first to launch its 3G services on September 1, offering mobile internet access at speeds of up to 42 megabytes per second (MB/s). Although both MTN and Moov offer data connectivity, through WiMax and GPRS/EDGE technology, they have yet to roll out upgraded 3G services.
The introduction of 3G offers significant potential for services and products in the ICT sector, given the modest internet penetration rate of around 4.5%. As with elsewhere in Africa, internet access in Côte d’Ivoire occurs primarily through mobile connections, with only 7900 fixed-line broadband subscriptions in the country as of 2010, according to the World Bank.
As a result, the ability to tap into domestic demand for data could provide a significant uptick in revenues for mobile operators – something which, given the current level of competition, could prove vital.
Côte d’Ivoire has one of the more crowded mobile sectors on the continent. At present, there are six mobile service providers operating in a market of 20m people, with a penetration rate that is estimated as high as 80% in some cases. MTN and Orange CI lead the way with 37% and 32% market share, respectively, followed by Moov, with 19%; KoZ, a telecoms firm operated by Lebanon-based Comium Group (7%); and Libya-based Green Network (5%), according to local press. With the launch in April of Mobile Cafe, the first wholly-domestically owned GSM provider, competition for subscribers will continue to be fierce.
As the market becomes increasingly crowded, subscribers are benefitting as prices are pushed down. For example, it used to cost CFA100 (€0.15) to send a text message on Orange CI’s network; now it costs CFA25 (€0.03). However, the increased level of competition may heavily impact the profit margins of some of the smaller firms.
Orange CI, first onto the 3G market, reported that its number of mobile subscriptions grew by 6.4% in 2011, though its ARPU declined by 26% due to an increased number of subscriptions by lower-income rural customers. By contrast, Orange CI’s main competitor, MTN, announced in October that it had lost market share, increasing its subscribers by less than 1% in the third quarter of 2011. That was compared with a 3.8% growth in MTN’s number of subscriptions throughout the rest of Africa over the same period.
To help provide more support to existing operators without curtailing the benefits of competition, the National Telecommunications Fund (Fonds National des Télécommunications, FNT) has been pushing for a solution for mobile operators to share infrastructure to drive down costs and, ultimately, prices for end-users.
Mobile operators have been decreasing their share in mobile tower ownership, opting instead to externalise infrastructure and engage in site sharing, as evidenced by a recent $284m deal between MTN and Nigeria-based IHS, a telecoms infrastructure provider. As a consequence of this agreement in October 2012, in which IHS acquired 931 towers in Côte d’Ivoire for $141m, IHS will be a 100% shareholder in the tower company to be created to manage the towers and other passive infrastructure.
This should lower infrastructure development costs, allowing network operators to focus on investing in their client bases and improving service offerings to respond to consumer demand for innovative mobile and data products.