Panama: Canal expansion impact
After undergoing an eight-year, $5.25bn expansion, the new and improved Panama Canal is anticipated to be completed in 2014 – bringing with it a significant influx of investment to the transportation and logistics sector. The industry has been a major driver of economic growth since Panama took control of its canal from the US in 1999, helping the country to become one of the fastest-growing economies in the region and a major global logistics destination in the process.
Panama’s Minister of Economy and Finance, Frank De Lima, recently told local press that GDP growth reached 11% in 2012, while the transportation and communication sector rose at a rate of 10.4%. In addition, revenues derived from fees and tolls of passing cargo ships, a major source of government income, are expected to double from $500m to a forecasted $1.25bn as a result of the expansion, though official costs of using the canal have yet to be released.
By August 2012 much of the investment into the canal had already been awarded, with $4.29bn of the $5.25bn total allocated. The expansion of the canal will double its previous capacity and allow for the world’s largest post-Panamax cargo ships to pass through its two new sets of triple locks.
The new locks, which are being constructed by a consortium of Spanish, Italian and Belgian contractors under the name Grupos Unidos por El Canal, are easily the most expensive piece of the project, at a total cost of $3.2bn. Financing for the canal’s expansion came from a variety of sources including the European Investment Bank ($500m), the Japan Bank for International Cooperation ($800m), the Inter-American Development Bank ($400m), the International Finance Corporation ($300m) and the Andean Development Corporation ($300m).
The transportation and logistics sector is expected to blossom as a result of the expansion, with numerous opportunities available for companies specialised in storage and distribution of goods.
The national investment promotion agency of Panama, known as Proinvex, views the completion of the project as a potential springboard to create a new “value-added logistics services” industry that would involve packaging, storage, sorting and even potential final assembly to cargo coming through the canal. Proinvex forecasts that the industry could potentially add between $600m and $1bn to GDP while simultaneously creating 30,000 jobs by 2020.
One example of value-added logistics business already underway is a partnership between the Panamanian company Exclusive Brands Logistics (EBL) and Damco, the logistics arm of A P Moller-Maersk Group. EBL and Damco Panama plan to develop a hub that will handle storage, distribution, packaging and labelling of fashion apparel from Asia destined for Latin America via the Colon Free Trade Zone.
The newly expanded canal is not only expected to increase logistics and transportation investment inside Panama, but also to boost investment in seaports along the eastern coastlines of the US and South America as they look to take advantage of increased trade flows coming through the canal from the western US and, in particular, Asian nations. Indeed, eastern ports in the US have traditionally played second fiddle to the country’s western ports, as imports from China and Asia are typically unloaded in ports in Los Angeles and San Francisco.
However, shorter shipping times due to the canal expansion has resulted in eastern ports in the US, including Baltimore, New York and Norfolk, as well as in countries such as Brazil and Colombia, investing in upgrades to prepare for the potential shift of Asian imports being delivered via ship to distribution centres along the eastern coastlines of the US and South America, as opposed to west coast ports.
Quantifying the exact impact on trade routes and ports throughout the Americas is a difficult task, but what is clear is that while the expansion of the Panama Canal will have a significant impact on the local economy, its influence will reach far beyond the borders of Panama. Indeed, it will likely alter trade routes, logistics centres and ports considerably throughout the region. Meanwhile, domestically Panama will see much higher revenues drawn from its new canal, as well as the growth and diversification of its logistics services industry.