Tunisia: On the upswing
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One year after the Jasmine Revolution, Tunisia’s economy is showing signs of recovery following last year’s political upheaval. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) predicts 3.9% GDP growth this year, and the Tunisian central bank expects expansion could climb as high as 4.5%. With support from international partners, returning foreign investment and a government commitment to fostering a business-friendly environment, prospects for economic revival look promising.
Tunisia’s economic climate is already benefitting greatly from a much-improved political situation in early 2012. The Ennahda Movement, a moderate Islamist party that took roughly 40% of the vote in the October elections for the Constitutional Assembly, now holds 89 of the 217 seats in the assembly. It has formed a ruling majority with the Congress for the Republic (CPR), a liberal party, and the centre-left Ettakatol party. The parties reached a power sharing agreement in which Ennahda’s secretary-general, Hamadi Jbeli, serves as prime minister; Moncef Marzouki of the CPR serves as president; and Ettakatol’s Mustafa Ben Jaafar serves as speaker of the assembly.
The main challenge for the new government will be economic, rather than political, however. The coalition has confirmed its intention to foster an open business climate in an effort to stimulate economic growth. The government has indicated it plans to improve national infrastructure to attract foreign investment and to work towards a regional common market.
Beji Caid Essebsi, the former prime minister, offered sombre remarks at a December economic conference, warning that short-term economic growth will be crucial to continuing political stability. The political upheaval of 2011 stalled many sectors and precipitated a sharp decline in foreign tourist numbers, from 7m visitors in 2010 to an estimated 4.5m last year. Tourism is one of Tunisia’s biggest sources of income, and sector revenue is expected to have plunged by roughly 50% in 2011 to €1.2bn.
As a result, Tunisia’s net foreign currency reserves decreased by 20%, or TD2.4bn (€1.23bn), from January to November 2011. While the economy grew by 1.5% in the third quarter of 2011, full-year growth rang in at 0.2%. External effects, such as declining demand from the EU, Tunisia’s primary trade partner, and the conflict in Libya, its main trade partner in the region, further intensified the negative economic impact.
However, the country’s outlook is improving for 2012 as Tunisia receives support from many of its trade and development partners. EU governments announced December 14 they would start trade talks with Tunisia’s new government. The increased cooperation is intended to support a democratic transition by lowering barriers to trade and spurring economic growth.
For Tunisia, the talks may extend current trade agreements to new areas such as agriculture and services, and may help build regional cooperation. European Commission officials told Reuters talks will go beyond existing tariffs agreements to include regulatory issues such as public procurement and investment protection.
Tunisia is also strengthening relationships outside its main trade partners. During a recent visit to Turkey by Foreign Minister Rafik Abdessalem, both countries highlighted their willingness to increase economic engagement. Also in January, Tunisia and the Netherlands announced the launch of a programme to increase bilateral investment and partnerships. The programme will put in place a €250,000 fund, which may be increased to €1.5m, to support the creation of joint ventures between companies in both countries.
The government is also planning to increase spending in 2012 in an effort to reinvigorate the economy. Budget officials estimate the 2012 budget deficit will rise to 6% of GDP, up from roughly 4.5% in 2011. The 2012 budget was set at TD22.94bn (€11.8bn), a 7.5% increase on 2011. National press has reported that the current account deficit would also be kept at a particularly high 5.4% of GDP in 2012. The government hopes not to exceed a 6% budget deficit, to avoid risking its investment grade credit rating.
While public spending aimed at raising wages and subsidies should be beneficial in the short term, these must be matched by rising productivity levels to ensure growth continues. With signs of recovery from local industry and support from international partners, Tunisia should be on its way back to economic growth.