Panama: Constructive growth
As Panama’s real estate and construction market continues to feed off the rapidly expanding economy, the erection of skyscrapers, retail and office projects and residential homes is relentlessly changing the landscape of the country. Economic expansion in Panama has led the Latin America region in recent years, with average annual GDP growth of 8.9% over the past five years, according to the World Bank.
Having endured a slowdown from 2008 to 2010, wrought by the global financial crisis, the Panamanian real estate and construction industries are once again buzzing against the backdrop of government spending and rising property prices. Aside from the country’s significant economic prospects, several other factors have helped drive Panama’s construction growth over the past decade.
The government continues to mould the country in a manner not entirely dissimilar to Singapore by promoting its strong financial services centre, encouraging foreign investment and trade, and offering multinational corporations significant advantages to establishing regional headquarters in the country.
Law 41, enacted in 2007, offers various tax incentives to multinationals with regional headquarters based in Panama, and the Investment Stability Law (1998) offers equal protection to foreign investors with more than $2m invested in the country. Thus far, more than 80 multinational companies have made their home in Panama, such as Total, Maersk, Caterpillar and Proctor & Gamble, according to the Ministry of Commerce and Industry.
Government spending has further invigorated the country’s growth period, with megaprojects such as the $5.25bn Panama Canal Expansion and the $1.5bn Panama City Metro. Furthermore, the Ministry of Public Works (MOP) is currently managing an additional $1.94bn worth of infrastructure projects due to be completed between 2012 and 2014.
Indeed, after having posted tremendous year-on-year (y-o-y) growth of 22.1% and 31.2% in 2007 and 2008, respectively, followed by a significant drop to single-digit growth in 2009 and 2010, the construction sector finally returned to double-digit growth of 19.2% in 2011, according to the National Statistics Institute (Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censo).
Panama’s growing business community, primarily based in and around Panama City, the capital, has caused price increases in the industrial and office market, despite the continual addition of supply to the market. According to global real estate firm CB Richard Ellis, the average sales price for Class-A building space in Panama City increased to $2878 per sq metre in the first half of 2012 from the previous average of $1762 per sq metre.
Jones Lang LaSalle (JLL) reported Class-A and AB office stock at 640,000 sq metres in mid-2012 – more than double the supply in 2010 – while predicting office space to surpass 1m sq metres by the end of 2014.
Meanwhile, in terms of the residential segment, foreign investment continues to drive the luxury housing market. Laws established to offer incentives to foreign nationals wishing to retire in Panama and protect foreign investors have turned the eastern and western coasts into sunny and affordable retirement and vacation destinations for Latin Americans, North Americans and, more recently, Europeans.
However, despite the continued expansion of both the real estate and construction sectors, Panama still faces a significant housing shortage. Having decreased the national housing deficit every year from 192,548 in 2005 to 125,014 in 2009, the deficit once again expanded in 2010 to 136,665 homes, according to the Ministry of Housing (Ministerio de Vivienda y Ordenamiento Territorial, MIV).
The MIV’s 2010-14 Strategic Plan calls for the reduction of the national housing deficit by 95,639 by 2014. The MIV – through its various funds and programmes, including the Home Saving Fund (Fondo de Ahorro Habitacional), Home Financing Programme (Programa de Financiamiento de Vivienda) and Urban Rehabilitation Programme (Programa de Rehabilitación y Mejoramiento Urbano) – is investing $576m in national “home improvement” from 2010 to 2014.
As Panama’s economy continues its rapid expansion, surging real estate and construction growth may be showing signs of bubbling over. One tell-tale sign of a bubble are vacancy rates. JLL reported vacancy rates as nearly doubling from 7% in 2011 to 13% in the second quarter of 2012, predicting a rise to 16% in 2013 before cooling down.