Morocco: Driving investment
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The long-awaited opening of a new automotive assembly plant in February, in one of the country’s free zones, is testimony to the expansion of Morocco’s industrial base, as the country looks to develop its automotive and components sectors under the National Industrial Emergence Pact 2009-15.
Renault, which has had a presence in Morocco for more than 80 years, will begin operating at its new assembly plant in the Tanger Free Zone (TFZ) starting this month. The estimated €1bn unit is expected to produce 170,000 vehicles in its first year of operations and aims to reach 400,000 by 2014. The factory will start off with 2600 employees and expects this number to increase to 6000 by 2015.
An increasing number of firms in Morocco’s automotive sector are located in free zones, particularly in the TFZ, the Atlantic Free Zone and Tanger Automotive City. In addition to the country’s proximity to Europe — Morocco’s main trading partner — and its available and skilled workforce, the advantages offered by these zones have made the country increasingly attractive as an industrial base. As a result, the growing investment the activity is attracting is expected to boost the sector’s contribution to GDP, creating jobs and providing a base for low-cost production to European markets, as well as other African nations.
Indeed, Moroccan free zones welcomed several new automotive manufacturers in 2011. Among them is Spain’s Proinsur, which set up operations in the TFZ. Specialising in plastic injection and automotive parts, the company invested €2m to set up a 2500-sq–metre factory. Delphi Automotive, a vehicle components supplier operating in Morocco since 1999, has also expanded capacity at its Tangier plant, creating 1200 new jobs in 2011. France’s Inergy Automotive Systems and Japan’s Denso have invested €6m and €12m, respectively, for component systems in Tangier.
The Atlantic Free Zone, located in Kenitra, has also seen a number of investments made by suppliers of automotive equipment. Japanese firm Yazaki, present in Morocco since 2000 and employing more than 8000 people, opened its third factory in late September, while Japanese company Fujikura and French firm Saint-Gobain have invested Dh165m (€14.6m) and Dh107m (€9.47m), respectively, in new production units.
In May 2011, Lear Corporation, a developer of electrical power management systems for the automotive industry, announced a new electronics facility in Rabat.
To meet the needs of these new projects, Morocco plans to train 70,000 new specialised graduates to enter the market by 2015. In September 2010, the French Development Agency granted Morocco €20m to boost vocational education in the sector, and in June an agreement was signed with the Korean International Cooperation Agency to contribute Dh105m (€9.29m) to help establish Casablanca's Institute of Advanced Training in Automotive Trades.
However, although Morocco’s manufacturing base continues to expand, due to the curious quirks of global trade dynamics, more than 80% of production is exported. Since 2005 vehicle exports have increased on average by 20.3% per year, reflecting the industry’s expansion. In 2010, exports totaled Dh19bn (€1.7bn).
Therefore, the import of vehicles is still required to meet domestic needs. In 2011, approximately 112,000 vehicles were sold in Morocco, with imports accounting for 99,733, a year-on-year (y-o-y) increase of 9.5%. The number of locally manufactured cars sold on the domestic market only accounted for 12,336, a y-o-y increase of 0.4%.
The number of imported cars is likely to increase in the coming years if the decision to drop all Customs duties on new vehicles from the EU is enacted. Customs duties have been gradually decreased since 2003, and the decision to completely remove them on new vehicles entering the country from the EU is expected to be enforced in 2012. Imported cars from the US will also see Customs duties reduced from 15% in 2011 to 12% in 2012. Customs on imported cars from Asia will continue to stand at 17.5%.
Prospects for the Moroccan automotive sector are promising, as investments continue to flow into the country and government efforts to expand the industry both locally and regionally are reinforced.