Egypt

Egypt has invested heavily in improving transport, housing and energy infrastructure in recent years. The government has been moving to establish new railway lines, renovate seaports and airports, and improve road networks (see Transport chapter). It has built new power plants, established new urban areas and expanded the country’s strategic Suez Canal. Much of the government’...

Even when faced with complex regional politics, currency fluctuations and the impact of global crises such as the Covid-19 pandemic, Egypt’s banking sector remained resilient amid wider economic pressures in recent years. Part of this is attributed to the sector’s size – with Egypt having the largest banking system in North Africa – and stability. The industry has played an...

Financial technology (fintech) firms are gaining market share that was formerly the preserve of established remittance service providers. Remittances have grown in importance in recent decades and now constitute the largest source of foreign income for many developing economies. They also tend to be countercyclical, increasing during economic downturns or natural disasters...

Many of the government of Egypt’s recent reforms have centred around modernisation and digitalisation across all areas of the economy. Egypt Vision 2030 lays the groundwork for a digital transformation, and the Sustainable Agriculture Development Strategy 2030 focuses this shift on the agriculture sector.

While many countries with desert climates struggle to establish strong agriculture sectors, it is a critical and successful pillar of Egypt’s economy. The fertile Nile Delta is responsible for the country’s rich natural conditions, and enables it to grow a wide variety of crops, including cereals, cotton, sugar, fruits and vegetables. The sector is further supported by a well-...