Egypt Economy

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Chapter | Country Profile from The Report: Egypt 2013

Home to one of the oldest civilisations in the world, Egypt remains the most populous and one of the most influential countries in the Arab world. Over the past two years, a state of transition has become a more or less permanent feature of Egypt’s political scene. Popular protests starting on January 25, 2011 represented Egyptians from a wide spectrum of backgrounds and originated in calls...

The wealth of the Nile River and its fertile banks and delta, together with Egypt’s location at the confluence of Africa, Asia and Europe, have made the country a valuable prize for centuries, as well as a centre of trade and ideas. 

While Egypt has a number of appealing long-term fundamentals – including a large and growing population, broad export profile, strong manufacturing base, natural resources and huge potential tourism revenues – the uncertainty over the country’s stability, economic indicators and broader policies has noticeably slowed growth and production over 2013.
Still in a difficult transition period following its revolution, Egypt’s politics are in a state of flux. One of the most persistent challenges over the past two years has been maintaining currency stability, and the intricately linked issue of the depleting foreign currency reserves. The Central Bank of Egypt’s (CBE’s) interventions have helped manage the Egyptian pound’s decline during that time but have also put pressure on foreign exchange reserves. However, emergency measures cannot be a long-term substitute for attracting more investment.
The country’s first full post-revolutionary year has seen the first free presidential elections in Egypt’s long history, and signs of a recovery in GDP growth, but also the teething problems of a young democracy with serious economic challenges ahead. As a large and growing market, strategically located, with some important natural resources, and a tradition of economic liberalisation stretching back several decades, Egypt is an enticing prospect for many investors.

The Mamluks, who descended from non-Arab slaves who were naturalised to serve and fight for ruling Arab dynasties, are revered as some of the greatest warriors the world has ever known. Although the word “mamluk” translates as “one who is owned”, the Mamluk soldiers proved otherwise, gaining a powerful military standing in various Muslim...

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