Colombia

Small businesses are the backbone of Colombia’s economy, but the recent economic slowdown has hit them particularly hard. As in many other countries, micro-, small and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) face a range of challenges that are far less binding for larger firms that benefit from economies of scale.

Derivatives are financial instruments that are derived from an underlying asset, such as a stock, an exchange index, bonds, currency, interest rates and raw materials, among other things. There are two categories of derivatives: standardised, which are traded through a stock exchange such as the Colombia Stock Exchange (Bolsa de Valores de...

The Colombian government debt segment is the largest in the country in terms of traded volume, and one of the largest and most liquid of its kind in Latin America – with a total amount outstanding of COP230trn ($69bn), or 26.3% of GDP, and an average monthly traded volume of COP100trn ($30bn) in 2016. Colombian government bonds, widely known...

Colombia’s corporate bond segment is an important component of the country’s capital market, despite its relatively small size and liquidity. The total amount outstanding at the end of 2016 was COP48.1tn ($14.4bn), or an estimated 5.5% of GDP.

Colombia has a floating exchange regime, which allows the currency to work as a shock absorber under local and global economic events. Transactions in the foreign exchange market are done through the Exchange Market Intermediaries (Intermediarios del Mercado Cambiario, IMC) and are registered in the SET-FX electronic trading platform.

After five decades of civil conflict between the state, FARC, the National Liberation Army (Ejército de Liberación Nacional, ELN) and other paramilitary groups, Colombia’s painstaking peace process achieved a breakthrough in 2016. Negotiations between government and FARC guerrilla representatives had been under way in Havana, Cuba, since...